Wednesday, November 25, 2015

The African Witch Trials, A Chief's Power and How to Pass School

As I continue my time here in Katibunga I learn more and more each day about the people and the culture that make up this area of the world. Two aspects that I mentioned in past posts were about the African school system and village chiefs and this week I learned about the people’s belief in witchcraft. I would like to touch on each and clarify a few things now that I have a better understanding of each one.

The African school systems are varied. Unlike the United States where each state’s school system is very similar, the African countries each have their own way of going about things. For instance, in Zambia a passing grade is from around 30% and up. In Tanzania it is closer to 20% and up. I remember getting an 85% in high school and being upset. As you can see, the grading scale is very different and much more relaxed here.

Furthermore, the Zambia system is based on a pass – credit – fail system. The Tanzanian system mirrors the United States with a letter-grade system (A, B, C, D, and F). In Zambia, this means that you either 1) receive a passing percentage, 2) a percentage that will give you credit, but is not very good, or 3) a failing percentage. A system such as this one makes failing difficult considering the passing percentage is extremely low making it easy to achieve. The problem is that many students end up moving on without the proper knowledge. Then, when they enter secondary school they are ill-prepared and are unable to excel.

In Tanzania they have a letter-grade system, but have even a lower passing percentage. In the U.S. a 70%-80% is considered a C which is known as ‘average’. This is not the case in Tanzania. Receiving a C means you most likely received a 40%. What is interesting is that students don’t even have to know half the material and they will still pass with a reasonable grade. This doesn’t mean that some kids don’t do well; however, this does mean that the kids who have missed multiple weeks of my class will still have a good chance of passing.

Additionally, language is a problem in countries such as these. In Zambia, the local language (there are 73 languages in Zambia) is taught from a very young age. Then, in 2nd grade English is introduced. This is positive considering English is becoming the universal language and that learning a language is best done at a young age. In Tanzania there are even more local languages – 120. Some are only spoken languages meaning that there is no written translation which makes communication even more difficult. In addition, Tanzania does not teach English. The students are taught Swahili which is a very popular language in East Africa (Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania…)

Countries such as Tanzania and Zambia are rivaled by countries with better education systems such as Uganda and Kenya. It’s no surprise, then, that Tanzania and Zambia are two of the poorest and undeveloped countries on earth. In fact, I just figured out that instead of $1 equaling 11 kwacha (currently) it actually equals 11,000 kwacha. This is how devalued the currency is in this area. They drop the three zeros to make buying and selling easier. The Tanzanian Shilling is similar.

With a poor education many different ideas and beliefs are thought to be real and feared. One is the belief in witchcraft. Many people fear witches and believe that some have the power to control others. This is such a strong belief that people who claim to be “witch doctors” advertise themselves in the newspaper. What happened in the Salem Witch Trials long ago is happening here. People who are accused of being witches are usually isolated and cast out of the community or killed. 

Tricks are used to condemn people. They may ask a group of four people who are believed to be witches to shake a bottle of water. If the water turns to blood then this means they are a witch. What’s really happening is that one bottle has a red powder inside the cap. When shaken, the water mixes with the powder and turns red. Unfortunately, when you are dealing with an uneducated group of people these types of tricks work and create great fear. To us, this seems bizarre. However, think about how impressionable and believing a group of 8 year olds is. If you were to do this same trick to them they probably would be blown away. Now you know why witchcraft is a popular belief here and that education is extremely important.

Now, to clarify a bit about the village chiefs and their responsibilities. Considering many villages make up Zambia and much of Africa, chiefs are put in place to run them. There are many villages in the area I live. A few of them are called Machaleta, Mwila, Kashite, Katibunga, Mukongole and many more. Mukongole is where the chief resides. The chief has power over many villages including the ones I mentioned. The chief then appoints a ‘headman’ in each village. I mentioned this before in an earlier post. The headman is like the mayor of the village. The chief, in a sense, is like the governor.

Chiefs have lots of power. Politicians and other leaders must consult with them before making any decisions that may affect their land. In fact, the bishop that helps run the diocese of Mpika and, therefore, Katibunga Monastery must report to the chief rather than the monastery itself.

It’s a good life when you’re the chief.

So, I hope that helps you understand a bit more about some of the major pieces of society here in Zambia.

As for me, I have begun to look into jobs for the month of December. I think I will focus my time on helping with farming considering its planting season. Father Pacificus is beginning to plant some vegetables as well as banana trees. I am sure I would be able to help there. Also, Br. Cyprian runs the farming for the monastery and he said I could help out. Finally, some of my students will be spending their time off from school farming their own land. I know I could help them out. I think that would actually be quite fun because I have grown close to many of them. Additionally, I would be able to meet and get to know their families and learn more about the way they live which is what I am most interested in.

When it comes to farming or manual labor it can be hard to find work because the monastery sees me as a guest and the villagers see me as an educated man. What I mean is that the monastery highly respects their guests (this is why I am seated next to the superior at each meal) and wouldn’t want to give me a job I may dislike. In fact, I offered to clean Prior Nzota’s office in order to organize it a bit and he told me that a guest shouldn’t have to do something like that.

Furthermore, I am educated so rather than work jobs like farming the villagers think I should be teaching or doing something else. Of course, I tell them I am able to do both and so hopefully I can begin to work in the fields too.

I finally had some agree to allow me to help and they all respond the same way. They say “I appreciate, I appreciate appreciate!” meaning that they are greatly appreciative for my help. It’s funny and nice.

As I mentioned last time, bananas are back at each meal. I am not sure if my taste buds are shot or if I’m just really weird, but I have learned that mixing rice and bananas is delicious. It’s really good. It’s also a safe bet when there isn’t much to eat or if you don’t know exactly what you are eating ha.

Additionally, every once in a while we will have juice at our meals. Pineapple and orange juice is most popular. This juice is labeled “high juice” to signify its high concentration of sugar. If you were to drink it straight it would be too much to handle. This is why we mix it with water. Even when mixed with water it can almost be too sweet. I am guessing this is because it’s been so long since I have eaten anything super sweet. It’s nice to have, though.

Finally, I tend to use the phrase “Sounds good” quite a bit. This is super common in the U.S. but is unknown here in Africa. Whenever I say it, which is often, they will laugh and try to mimic the phrase with an American accent. I am beginning to think they are just jealous of my accent haha J

The rainy season is beginning to show itself more and more. When you are dependent on the weather for so much it becomes hard choosing your favorite kind. When it is sunny it is easy to exercise, do laundry and the water for bathing is somewhat warm, however it’s hot as all Hell inside and out. When it rains it cools everything down which is super nice, but then it becomes muddy and hard to do laundry. So, you are in a constant fight between rain and shine. Overall, I don’t mind the rain that much. I like cooler weather.

Well, tomorrow is Thanksgiving in America. Not many know what that is here so I hope you all enjoy and are able to eat a little more for me. Happy Thanksgiving!

Thanks for reading!

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